Introduction
Qurbani, yaani ke Islamic sacrifice, ek aisi ibadat hai jo har saal Eid al-Adha ke mauke par poore Muslim ummah ke liye ek spiritual, emotional aur social reminder hoti hai. Iska taluq sirf ek ritual nahi, balki yeh Allah se qurbat ka zariya hai. “Qurbani” lafz Arabic word “Qurb” se aaya hai, jiska matlab hota hai “qareeb hona.” Islamic law mein is ritual ko “Udhiyyah” bhi kaha jata hai, jo Prophet Ibrahim (AS) ke ek azeem sacrifice ko yaad karta hai.
Muslims ke liye, Qurbani sirf ek janwar ki qurbani nahi, balki Allah ke liye apni mohabbat, wafadari aur farmabardari ka izhar hai. Yeh ibadat har saal Dhul Hijjah ke mahine mein, khas tor par 10th se 12th tarik tak ki jati hai. Qurbani ka maksad sirf meat consume karna nahi hai, balki iske peeche ek gehra spiritual aur historical lesson chhupa hota hai.
Is Article Ka Maqsad
Is detailed guide mein hum Qurbani ke religious, historical, aur social aspects ko explore karenge. Iske alawa, yeh article ek practical guide hai un sab logon ke liye jo pehli baar Qurbani kar rahe hain ya jinko is ibadat ke rules aur regulations ke baare mein clarity chahiye.
Hum kuch common misconceptions ko bhi address karenge jo logon ke zehan mein is ritual ko le kar hoti hain. Yeh article aapko step-by-step batayega ke kaise aap Qurbani ko proper Islamic tareeke se anjaam de sakte hain, aur iski ruhaniyat se faida utha sakte hain.
Islam Mein Qurbani Ki Importance
Qurbani ka direct link Eid al-Adha aur Hajj ke rituals se hai. Jab Hajj karne wale log Mina mein apne janwar zibah karte hain, tab duniya bhar ke Muslims bhi Qurbani karte hain. Yeh ibadat Allah ki khushi ke liye hoti hai, aur iska reward bhi badi azeem hota hai. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ne Qurbani ko Sunnah Mu’akkadah qarar diya, jo ek emphasized Sunnah hai.
Modern duniya mein, jahan rituals aksar sirf formalities ban ke reh jaate hain, Qurbani ek aisa act hai jo humein sacrifice, selflessness aur Allah se taalluq yaad dilata hai. Iska relevance har waqt hai, chaahe hum rural setting mein ho ya urban environment mein.
1. Qurbani ka Historical aur Religious Significance
Qurbani Ki Shuruaat
Qurbani ki asal shuruaat Prophet Ibrahim (AS) ke waqt se hoti hai. Quran mein Surah As-Saffat (37:100-111) mein yeh waqia bayaan hua hai, jahan Allah ne Ibrahim (AS) ko unke bete Ismail (AS) ko qurban karne ka hukm diya. Ibrahim (AS) ne apne bete ko is baat ke liye tayar kiya, aur dono ne Allah ke hukum ko qubool kiya. Jab unhone apne bete ko qurban karne ka irada kiya, tab Allah ne unka imtihaan mukammal samjha aur ek ram (dumba) bhej diya jisse Ismail (AS) ki jagah qurban kiya gaya.
Yeh waqia sirf ek historical incident nahi hai, balki yeh submission, obedience aur tawakkul ka sabse bada sabak hai. Ibrahim (AS) aur Ismail (AS) ka yeh amal sacrifice aur Allah ki raza mein khushi dhoondhne ka aala misaal hai.
Quranic References
Qurbani se related kai Quranic ayats hain jo is act ki importance ko highlight karti hain:
- Surah Al-Hajj (22:34-37): “Na to Allah ko unka gosht pohanchta hai, aur na unka khoon, balki us tak tumhara taqwa pohanchta hai.” Is ayat se yeh sabit hota hai ke Qurbani ka asal maqsad janwar ka zibh nahi, balki dil ka taqwa hai.
- Surah Al-Kawthar (108:2): “Fasalli li rabbika wanhar” – Apne Rabb ke liye namaz padho aur qurbani karo.
In ayaton se pata chalta hai ke Qurbani Allah ke liye ikhlas aur taqwa ka izhar hai, na keval ek physical ritual.
Hadith aur Prophetic Traditions
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ne khud hamesha Qurbani ki, aur apne followers ko bhi is ibadat par amal karne ki naseehat ki.
- Sahih Muslim ki Hadith: Prophet ne farmaya, “Jab tum Qurbani karo to ache tareeke se karo. Chhuri tez karo aur janwar ko rahat do.”
- Prophet ne do bade janwaron ki Qurbani ki aur Allah ka naam lekar unhe zibh kiya. Is se Sunnah Mu’akkadah hone ka saboot milta hai.
Yeh hadith is baat par zor deti hai ke Qurbani sirf ritual nahi, balki janwar ke saath rehmat aur insaniyat ka amal bhi hai.
Hajj ke Context Mein Qurbani
Hajj karne walon ke liye Qurbani, khas tor par Hajj al-Tamattu aur Hajj al-Qiran mein, wajib hoti hai. Pilgrims Mina mein 10th Dhul Hijjah ko Qurbani karte hain. Yeh unke Hajj ke rituals ka ek aham hissa hota hai.
Non-pilgrims ke liye Qurbani wajib nahi, lekin highly recommended hai. Hanafi school ke mutabiq agar kisi ke paas nisab ke barabar maal ho to us par Qurbani wajib ho jati hai.
Spiritual Dimensions
Qurbani ka asal essence Allah ke qareeb hone ka zariya hai. Jab banda apni sabse pyari cheez (jaise ek valuable animal) ko Allah ke liye qurban karta hai, to yeh uske ikhlas aur imaan ka saboot hota hai. Is act se humein sabr, shukr aur submission ka sabak milta hai.
2. Qurbani ke Rules aur Regulations
Qurbani ke Liye Eligibility
Qurbani karna har us Muslim adult par wajib hai jo Nisab ki miktar ka maal ya daulat rakhta ho. Nisab ka matlab hai woh minimum amount of wealth jiske baad zakat farz hoti hai. Yeh ya to 87.48 grams gold ya 612.36 grams silver ke barabar hoti hai. Agar kisi ke paas yeh wealth saal bhar tak hai, to Eid al-Adha ke dino mein us par Qurbani farz hai.
Qurbani sirf apne liye nahi, balke apne ghar walon, deceased relatives, ya kisi aur ke liye bhi ki ja sakti hai. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ne apni aur apni ummah ke liye Qurbani ki niyyat ki thi.
Permissible Animals
Qurbani ke liye sirf kuch khas animals hi allowed hain, jaise:
- Bakri ya Bhed: 1 share (ek shakhs ke liye kafi)
- Gai (Cow): 7 log mil kar Qurbani kar sakte hain
- Oont (Camel): 7 log mil kar Qurbani kar sakte hain
Animals ki kuch basic conditions:
- Bakri/Bhed: Minimum 1 saal ki
- Gai: Minimum 2 saal ki
- Oont: Minimum 5 saal ka
Animal bilkul sehatmand hona chahiye. Koi aisi physical defect nahi honi chahiye jaise andhapan, langdapan, ya bahut patla hona.
Qurbani ka Timing
Qurbani karne ka waqt sirf Eid al-Adha ke dino mein hota hai:
- 10th Dhul Hijjah (Eid ka din)
- 11th Dhul Hijjah
- 12th Dhul Hijjah
Sabse behtar waqt Eid ki namaz ke baad ka hai. Agar kisi ne Eid ki namaz se pehle Qurbani ki, to woh valid nahi mani jati.
Zibah ke Rules
Islamic tareeke se janwar ko zibh karna zaroori hai:
- Chhuri tez ho aur janwar ko unnecessary takleef na ho
- Zibh se pehle “Bismillah, Allahu Akbar” kehna wajib hai
- Janwar ka sar qibla ki taraf hona chahiye
- Kisi janwar ke saamne doosre ko zibh karna mana hai
Meat ka Distribution
Qurbani ka meat 3 barabar hisson mein baantna mustahab hai:
- Ek hissa ghar ke liye
- Ek hissa relatives/friends ke liye
- Ek hissa gareeb aur zaruratmand logon ke liye
Zyada zaruratmand logon ko dena sabse afzal hai. Isme reward bhi zyada hai.
Missed Qurbani
Agar kisi saal kisi wajah se Qurbani nahi ho payi, to uske badle mein ek janwar Qurban karna ya uske barabar ki raqam sadqa karna chahiye.
Qurbani aur Aqiqah
Kayi log Qurbani aur Aqiqah ko combine karna chahte hain. Yeh possible hai lekin dono ki niyyat alag honi chahiye. Aqiqah ek alag sunnah hai jo bache ke paida hone par ki jati hai, jabki Qurbani Eid al-Adha ke dinon mein Allah ke liye hoti hai.
3. Qurbani Karne ke Practical Aspects
This section now includes:
- Janwar Ka Intikhab – How to choose a healthy and Shariah-compliant animal.
- Qurbani Ki Tayari – Preparations such as sharpening the knife, arranging the location, and educating family members.
- Zibah Ka Amal (Slaughtering Process) – Step-by-step instructions on performing Qurbani properly.
- Post-Qurbani Procedures – Guidelines on cleaning, skinning, meat cutting, and hygiene.
- Modern Methods of Qurbani – Exploring online Qurbani services and crowdfunding options.
- Common Mistakes to Avoid – A checklist of errors to prevent during the Qurbani process.
3. Qurbani Karne ke Practical Aspects
Janwar Ka Intikhab (Animal Selection)
Janwar kharidte waqt kuch important cheezon ka dhyan dena chahiye:
- Janwar sehatmand aur active ho.
- Koi obvious defect na ho (andha, langda, kaan kata, behaal, etc.).
- Umar shariah ke mutabiq ho.
- Janwar ka chalna, uthna, baithna normal ho.
- Teeth poore ho, khas tor par gai aur oont mein.
Bazaar mein janwar kharidte waqt trustable seller se hi deal karein. Agar possible ho to veterinary certificate bhi lein.
Qurbani Ki Tayari
- Chhuri ya blade achhi tarah tez kar lein.
- Safai ka proper intezam karein (paani, plastic sheet, gloves, etc.).
- Janwar ko pyar se treat karein, uske saamne dusre janwar na zibh karein.
- Ghar walon, khas tor par bachon ko involve karein taki woh is sunnah se waqif ho sakein.
Zibah Ka Amal (Slaughtering Process)
- Janwar ko qibla rukh le layin.
- “Bismillah Allahu Akbar” keh kar zibh karein.
- Ek hi stroke mein chhuri se windpipe, food pipe, aur dono jugular veins kaatni chahiye.
- Janwar ki jaan nikalne tak kuch der rukna chahiye.
- Zibah ke baad uski skin nikalne aur meat cutting ka process shuru hota hai.
Post-Qurbani Procedures
- Jitni safai aur taharat ka khayal rakhein, utna behtar.
- Gosht ko dhang se cut karna chahiye.
- Skin ko zaruratmand ya madarsa ko de sakte hain.
- Blood aur waste material ko proper tarike se dispose karein.
Modern Methods of Qurbani
Online Qurbani
Kai organizations aaj kal online Qurbani ki sahulat deti hain jahan aap paisa dekar apni taraf se Qurbani karwa sakte hain. Yeh un logon ke liye best hai jo abroad hain ya physically Qurbani nahi kar sakte.
- Trustable organizations choose karein.
- Receipt aur photos/video ka confirmation lena behtar hai.
Crowdfunding Qurbani
Kayi Islamic NGOs collective Qurbani organize karte hain jahan log milke ek janwar purchase karte hain. Iska faida yeh hai ke janwar bade aur quality wale hote hain aur cost sharing bhi ho jata hai.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Eid ki namaz se pehle Qurbani kar dena.
- Janwar ko darana, maarna ya uske samne chhuri tez karna.
- Nafrat ya dikhawa karna is amal mein.
- Poor planning, jiske wajah se meat waste ho jata hai.
4. Ethical aur Social Dimensions
Islam Mein Animal Welfare
Islam ek aisa deen hai jo har makhlooq ke saath reham aur insaaf ka paigham deta hai. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ne janwaron ke saath insaf aur meherbani se pesh aane par bohot zor diya. Qurbani ke waqt bhi yeh zaruri hai ke janwar ko unnecessary takleef na di jaye.
- Janwar ko paani pilaya jaye aur pyaar se usse sambhala jaye.
- Chhuri uske saamne tez na ki jaye.
- Ek janwar ke saamne doosra janwar zibh na kiya jaye.
Charity aur Community Impact
Qurbani ka ek important pehlu yeh hai ke iska gosht gareeb aur zaruratmand logon tak pohanchta hai. Is amal se community bonding aur insani hamdardi barhti hai. Kai log aise hote hain jo sirf Eid par hi gosht khate hain.
- Qurbani se needy families ko nutritious meals milte hain.
- Social equality aur brotherhood ka message spread hota hai.
- Zyada gosht hone par madrasa, orphanage, aur shelter homes mein bhi taqseem kiya jata hai.
Debates aur Controversies
Aaj ke waqt mein kuch log animal rights ke perspective se Qurbani ko criticize karte hain. Lekin yeh zaruri hai ke hum is ritual ka asal maqasad samjhein. Islam ne sacrifice ke saath saath janwaron ke huqooq ki bhi hifazat ki hai.
- Qurbani insaan ke ikhlaq aur sacrifice ki rooh ko zinda karti hai.
- Janwar ko zibh karne ka tareeqa humane aur pain-free hota hai.
Qurbani aur Social Cohesion
Qurbani ke zariye log milte hain, ek doosre ke ghar jaate hain, meals share karte hain. Is se community mein unity barhti hai.
- Eid al-Adha par collective prayers aur celebrations hoti hain.
- Bacho ko early age se compassion aur sharing ka sabak milta hai.
- Local butchers, farmers aur laborers ko rozgar milta hai.
5. Qurbani ka Modern Relevance
Urbanization aur Convenience Qurbani
Modern cities mein physical Qurbani karna mushkil hota jaa raha hai. Is liye log:
- Online Qurbani services
- NGO-led organized Qurbani
- Crowdsourced group Qurbani
ka rukh karte hain. In services se:
- Time-saving hota hai
- Transparency maintain hoti hai
- Gosht logon tak efficiently pohanchta hai
Yeh sab facilitate to karte hain, lekin asli niyyat aur ikhlas zaruri hai.
Youth aur Qurbani
Aaj ki youth ke liye Qurbani ek connection ban sakta hai unki faith aur roots ke darmiyan. Agar unhein properly involve kiya jaye:
- Woh rituals ka maqsad samajh sakte hain
- Apne spiritual aspect ko explore kar sakte hain
- Apne social behavior ko refine kar sakte hain
Parents aur Islamic teachers ka yeh farz banta hai ke woh bachpan se Qurbani ki ruhaniyat aur importance samjhayen.
Global Muslim Identity
Qurbani ek aisa amal hai jo Muslim ummah ko globally connect karta hai. Chahe koi New York mein ho, ya Lahore mein, ya Mecca mein — Eid al-Adha par har Musalman yeh ibadat karta hai. Is se:
- Ek unity ka jazba paida hota hai
- Shared values aur rituals ka ehsaas hota hai
- Islam ka universal message highlight hota hai: Sacrifice, Faith, and Compassion
6. FAQs – Qurbani ke Baare Mein Aksar Puchhe Jaane Wale Sawalat
Q1: Kya Qurbani wajib hai sab par?
- Hanafi school ke mutabiq agar kisi ke paas nisab ke barabar maal ho to Qurbani wajib hai.
- Baqi schools mein yeh Sunnah Mu’akkadah hai — yaani bohot strongly recommended.
Q2: Kya aurat Qurbani kar sakti hai?
- Bilkul. Aurat bhi Qurbani kar sakti hai ya kisi ko wakil bana sakti hai.
Q3: Kya janwar online purchase karna allowed hai?
- Haan. Agar transparency, niyyat aur process Islamic tareeke se ho to allowed hai.
Q4: Kya Qurbani ki video banana theek hai?
- Sirf documentation ya proof ke liye theek hai, lekin riya (dikhawa) se bachna chahiye.
Q5: Kya ek janwar ki Qurbani 7 log milke kar sakte hain?
- Haan, cow aur camel mein 7 log share kar sakte hain agar sabki niyyat Qurbani ki ho.
Q6: Kya Qurbani ka gosht non-Muslims ko diya ja sakta hai?
- Scholars ke mutabiq agar woh gareeb ho aur niyyat insani madad ki ho to diya ja sakta hai.
7. Conclusion: Qurbani — Imaan, Ikhlas aur Insaniyat Ka Paigham
Qurbani ek aisi ibadat hai jo sirf ek janwar ka zibh karna nahi, balki:
- Apne ego, desires aur duniya ke mohabbat par Allah ka hukum tarjeeh dena hai.
- Apne aamaal mein ikhlas aur niyyat ko paak rakhna hai.
- Society mein insaf, empathy aur sharing ka culture promote karna hai.
Qurbani humein yeh yaad dilati hai ke asli ibadat sirf zahiri amal nahi, balki dil ki gehraiyon se Allah ki raza haasil karna hai. Jab hum apni Qurbani ko usi jazbe se anjaam denge, tabhi woh maqbool hogi.
Eid al-Adha Mubarak ho aap sab ko — Allah aapki Qurbani qubool kare, aapke ghar barakat laye, aur aapke dilon mein apni mohabbat bhar de. Ameen.
